{"id":5194,"date":"2026-04-27T21:49:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T21:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/mapes-perillositat\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T21:49:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T21:49:25","slug":"mapes-perillositat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/mapes-perillositat\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica: Com s&#8217;elaboren"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5194\" class=\"elementor elementor-5194 elementor-4588\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c5c21e elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"7c5c21e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64f97e9\" data-id=\"64f97e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0547fc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0547fc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica: <br>Com s'elaboren<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-294c182 elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"294c182\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d41257a\" data-id=\"d41257a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7ca5cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7ca5cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\">La perillositat s\u00edsmica intenta avaluar el nivell de moviment del terreny que poden produir els terratr\u00e8mols futurs. El c\u00e0lcul de la perillositat s\u00edsmica d&#8217;una regi\u00f3 determinada com la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica s&#8217;estableix a partir de les dades de sismicitat pr\u00e8viament enregistrada o percebuda (macrosismicitat) al territori. L&#8217;obtenci\u00f3 dels mapes de perillositat \u00e9s un procediment complex altament especialitzat que segueix criteris estad\u00edstics rigorosos, d&#8217;acord amb les dades disponibles i el coneixement cient\u00edfic del moment.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">En el cas de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica comptem amb un estudi exhaustiu fet per a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\">l&#8217;actualitzaci\u00f3 dels mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica de l&#8217;any 2012<\/a><span class=\"MsoHyperlink\">,<\/span> elaborat per l&#8217;<i>Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional<\/i>. Aquest treball \u00e9s un bon exemple dels procediments que es poden seguir en zones de sismicitat baixa a interm\u00e8dia com la nostra per tal d&#8217;obtenir mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica el m\u00e9s fiables possible. Simplificant-ho molt, aquest treball es va fer seguint els seg\u00fcents passos:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a81fb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"11a81fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22764ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22764ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apartats pricipals d'aquesta p\u00e0gina:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f54df32 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f54df32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-1&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-1&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-564f405 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"564f405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"no-glossary\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pas 1: S&#8217;elabora un Cat\u00e0leg S\u00edsmic<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-2&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-2&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a44b2f premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a44b2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"no-glossary\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pas 2: Es delimiten i caracteritzen les fonts sismog\u00e8niques<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9c4366 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a9c4366\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-3&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-3&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2360261 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2360261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pas 3: S&#8217;estableix un model d&#8217;atenuaci\u00f3<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-4&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-4&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-193e1b3 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"193e1b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pas 4: Es calcula la perillositat s\u00edsmica per qualsevol punt<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15823e3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"15823e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec5bc5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec5bc5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f34dec\" data-id=\"0f34dec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-1&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-1&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a72d673 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a72d673\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Pas-1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ed4b05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ed4b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"Atenuaci\u00f3\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pas 1: S'elabora un Cat\u00e0leg S\u00edsmic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6256ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6256ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;\">Aix\u00f2 implica fer un recull exhaustiu de les dades disponibles de terratr\u00e8mols dels per\u00edodes instrumental i hist\u00f2ric, i filtrar-los segons la qualitat de les dades i la seva rellev\u00e0ncia. Per exemple, es prescindeix dels terratr\u00e8mols amb hipocentres a profunditats majors de 65 km o dels que es troben a m\u00e9s de 300 km de dist\u00e0ncia del continent, pel fet que tenen un efecte negligible en la perillositat. En el cas de la revisi\u00f3 de l&#8217;any 2012, el nombre de terratr\u00e8mols considerats en el cat\u00e0leg final \u00e9s de 6.999.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f4487 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4f4487\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19c6475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19c6475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cataleg_sismic_final.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5195\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cataleg_sismic_final.jpg 807w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cataleg_sismic_final-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cataleg_sismic_final-768x544.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f242406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f242406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Mapa amb la distribuci\u00f3 d&#8217;epicentres de terratr\u00e8mols instrumentals i hist\u00f2rics del cat\u00e0leg s\u00edsmic elaborat pel projecte d&#8217;actualitzaci\u00f3 de la perillositat s\u00edsmica d&#8217;Espanya de 2012. Els cercles mostren els epicentres, amb mides corresponents als rangs de magnituds moment (Mw) indicats a la llegenda.<br \/>Font: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\"><i>IGN 2012. Actualizaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad de Espa\u00f1a 2012<\/i><\/a>, Figura 17, Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026.<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-142f61c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"142f61c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30e35c2\" data-id=\"30e35c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-2&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-2&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fed5530 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"fed5530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Pas-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7ce33b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7ce33b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><br><br>Part 2: Es delimiten i caracteritzen les fonts sismog\u00e8niques: zones i falles<br><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08d495e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08d495e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;\">Les zones sismog\u00e8niques es delimiten a partir de les caracter\u00edstiques de la sismicitat recollides al cat\u00e0leg s\u00edsmic i tenint en compte l&#8217;estructura geol\u00f2gica de la zona. Aquestes zones, en molts estudis de perillositat, es defineixen com a \u00e0rees amb un potencial s\u00edsmic espacial i temporalment uniforme. Amb aquesta simplificaci\u00f3, per qualsevol punt d&#8217;una d&#8217;aquestes \u00e0rees podem assumir la mateixa probabilitat que es produeixi un sisme d&#8217;una magnitud determinada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fef96ac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fef96ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fbd5d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9fbd5d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"805\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zonificacio_sismogenica.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5196\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zonificacio_sismogenica.jpg 805w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zonificacio_sismogenica-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zonificacio_sismogenica-768x532.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-297aca7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"297aca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Mapa de la delimitaci\u00f3 de zones sismog\u00e8niques adoptada pel projecte d&#8217;actualitzaci\u00f3 de la perillositat s\u00edsmica d&#8217;Espanya de 2012.<br \/>Font: <a style=\"background-color: rgba(47, 79, 79, 0.43);\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\"><i>IGN 2012. Actualizaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad de Espa\u00f1a 2012<\/i><\/a>, Figura 21. Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fb7ba2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fb7ba2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>D&#8217;altra banda, les falles actives s\u00f3n fonts potencials de futurs terratr\u00e8mols i, per tant, la informaci\u00f3 individualitzada que en puguem obtenir a partir de la paleosismologia \u00e9s potencialment interessant en la determinaci\u00f3 de la perillositat. A la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica els estudis paleosismol\u00f2gics fets els darrers decennis han perm\u00e8s elaborar un cat\u00e0leg de falles que mostren evid\u00e8ncies d&#8217;haver-se mogut durant el Quaternari (<a style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/info.igme.es\/qafi\/\"><i>Quaternary Active Faults in Iberia<\/i> &#8211; QAFI<\/a>), amb la qual cosa es consideren actives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d85874f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d85874f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b05bea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b05bea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1158\" height=\"777\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/QAFI_database.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5197\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/QAFI_database.jpg 1158w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/QAFI_database-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/QAFI_database-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/QAFI_database-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1158px) 100vw, 1158px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-904782a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"904782a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Imatge de la pantalla principal del visor de la base de dades de falles actives d&#8217;Iberia (QAFI). En aquest cat\u00e0leg, consultable en l\u00ednia, s&#8217;hi recullen les dades disponibles (caracter\u00edstiques i comportament observats) de m\u00e9s de 200 d&#8217;aquestes estructures. Aproximadament la meitat de les falles que s&#8217;hi inclouen no compten, encara, amb dades conclusives per assegurar o descartar la seva activitat durant el Quaternari.. Aquesta base de dades est\u00e0 en constant evoluci\u00f3 a mesura que els estudis de paleosismologia es van fent m\u00e9s precisos i exhaustius.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Font: IGME (2022) <i>QAFI:<\/i> <i>Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia<\/i>. Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026, a trav\u00e9s del lloc web de l&#8217;IGME: <a href=\"https:\/\/info.igme.es\/QAFI\">https:\/\/info.igme.es\/QAFI<\/a>, sota la llic\u00e8ncia CCBY-SA 4.0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2db18cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2db18cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b7d2fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b7d2fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Les velocitats de lliscament mesurades per les falles actives a la pen\u00ednsula tendeixen a ser lentes i els per\u00edodes de retorn dels terratr\u00e8mols m\u00e0xims resulten elevats. Aix\u00f2 fa que es consideri que aquestes falles tenen una influ\u00e8ncia poc rellevant en per\u00edodes de retorn relativament curts com els reflectits als mapes de perillositat (475 i 975 anys). Aix\u00ed doncs, nom\u00e9s en alguns casos, la informaci\u00f3 d&#8217;aquestes falles s&#8217;ha incl\u00f2s al c\u00e0lcul de perillositat per ajudar a delimitar millor les zones sismog\u00e8niques i proporcionant alguns valors de les magnituds m\u00e0ximes all\u00e0 on el registre geol\u00f2gic ha pogut proporcionar dades m\u00e9s precises.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe054ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fe054ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce9213b\" data-id=\"ce9213b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-3&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-3&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a4e14b premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"4a4e14b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Pas-3\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-711e7fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"711e7fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pas 3: S'estableix un model d'atenuaci\u00f3 de les ones s\u00edsmiques per a l'estimaci\u00f3 de l'acceleraci\u00f3 m\u00e0xima del terreny a dist\u00e0ncies creixents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d468545 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d468545\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;\">Un par\u00e0metre clau en el potencial de generar danys dels terratr\u00e8mols \u00e9s l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 m\u00e0xima del terreny (acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny o Peak Ground Acceleration &#8211; PGA en angl\u00e8s) que es prudueix durant el sisme. Aquesta \u00e9s una mesura f\u00edsica mesurable i directament utilitzable per a determinar la deformaci\u00f3 o danys esperables en estructures d&#8217;enginyeria o arquitectura.<\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;\">Les mesures m\u00e9s fiables de les acceleracions punta del terreny degudes als terratr\u00e8mols s&#8217;obtenen mitjan\u00e7ant acceler\u00f2metres. Aquests aparells s\u00f3n sensors s\u00edsmics dissenyats per a enregistrar valors elevats de l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 del terreny prop del focus sense que es produeixi una saturaci\u00f3 del senyal. Aquestes acceleracions normalment es redueixen amb la dist\u00e0ncia al focus. La magnitud d&#8217;aquesta atenuaci\u00f3 de les ones s\u00edsmiques amb la dist\u00e0ncia dep\u00e8n del medi transmissor, \u00e9s a dir, de l&#8217;estructura i materials geol\u00f2gics de la zona d&#8217;estudi.<\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;\">A la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica els registres d&#8217;accelerogrames no s\u00f3n prou abundants a magnituds mitjanes i elevades per permetre l&#8217;elaboraci\u00f3 d&#8217;un model complet d&#8217;atenuaci\u00f3 de les ones s\u00edsmiques amb la dist\u00e0ncia. Degut a aix\u00f2, en la revisi\u00f3 dels mapes de perillositat de l&#8217;any 2012 es va rec\u00f3rrer a l&#8217;adaptaci\u00f3 parcial i validaci\u00f3 de models generats en d&#8217;altres regions on les lleis d&#8217;atenuaci\u00f3 es poden establir en un rang de magnituds prou ampli per cobrir les magnituds dels terratr\u00e8mols hist\u00f2rics de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c5c9b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1c5c9b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fe0777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fe0777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corbes_atenuacio.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5198\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corbes_atenuacio.jpg 807w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corbes_atenuacio-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corbes_atenuacio-768x449.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-017fc18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"017fc18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Corbes d&#8217;atenuaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA, expressat en cm\/s<sup>2<\/sup>)) respecte a la dist\u00e0ncia a l&#8217;epicentre, considerades al model final de l&#8217;actualitzaci\u00f3 del mapa de perillositat de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica de 2012. Les corbes en discontinu corresponen a les magnituds interm\u00e8dies, entre les de magnituds baixes (en verd) i les corbes de magnituds altes, en vermell. <br \/>Font: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\"><i>IGN 2012. Actualizaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad de Espa\u00f1a 2012<\/i><\/a>, Figura 41, Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-418ec9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"418ec9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-939ad7a\" data-id=\"939ad7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-4&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/mapes-perillositat\\\/#Pas-4&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f8c88e premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7f8c88e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Pas-4\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36d45ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36d45ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><br>Pas 4: Es calcula la perillositat s\u00edsmica per a qualsevol punt del territori<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a02c260 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a02c260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">La perillositat s\u00edsmica en una localitzaci\u00f3 determinada correspon a la probabilitat que, al llarg d&#8217;un per\u00edode de temps espec\u00edfic, se superi un determinat valor de l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny com a resultat de terratr\u00e8mols produ\u00efts en una determinada zona d&#8217;influ\u00e8ncia.<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">Les dades del cat\u00e0leg s\u00edsmic permeten deduir la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia amb qu\u00e8 es produeixen terratr\u00e8mols d&#8217;una determinada magnitud en una zona determinada. Com m\u00e9s elevada sigui la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia amb qu\u00e8 s&#8217;hi han produ\u00eft terratr\u00e8mols d&#8217;una determinada magnitud en el passat, m\u00e9s probable ser\u00e0 que es produeixin en el futur.<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">En l&#8217;an\u00e0lisi probabil\u00edstica de la perillositat (<i>Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis<\/i> &#8211; PSHA) sovint se simplifica la complexa realitat de la distribuci\u00f3 temporal dels terratr\u00e8mols assumint que, en cada zona sismog\u00e8nica, els terratr\u00e8mols es produeixen aleat\u00f2riament amb una freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia constant. Un cop adoptat un model d&#8217;atenuaci\u00f3 a la zona d&#8217;estudi, es pot calcular una corba de perillositat s\u00edsmica per cada punt del territori, que representa les probabilitats anuals que s&#8217;excedeixi un valor concret d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta (PGA). De fet, en el cas de la revisi\u00f3 del mapa de perillositat de 2012 es va fer el c\u00e0lcul de perillositat, tant considerant les zones sismog\u00e8niques com sense considerar-les.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c5966b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3c5966b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf3f532 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bf3f532\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corba_perillositat.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5199\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corba_perillositat.jpg 648w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Corba_perillositat-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c19799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c19799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Corba de perillositat expressada en la probabilitat que s&#8217;excedeixin anualment els valors de l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA, representada en l&#8217;eix horitzontal) per un punt de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica (latitud 37\u00baN, longitud 3\u00baW).\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">El gr\u00e0fic indica que les probabilitats d&#8217;exced\u00e8ncia m\u00e9s baixes corresponen a les acceleracions m\u00e9s elevades. Noteu que els dos eixos estan en escala logar\u00edtmica.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Font: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\"><i>IGN 2012. Actualizaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad de Espa\u00f1a 2012<\/i><\/a>, Figura 47. Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc22c74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc22c74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Finalment, aquesta informaci\u00f3, disponible per cada punt d&#8217;una malla latitud-longitud regular, permet generar per interpolaci\u00f3 mapes de perillositat corresponents a diferents nivells d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta i diferents probabilitats anuals d&#8217;exced\u00e8ncia (o <i>per\u00edodes de retorn<\/i>).<\/p><p>Una forma d&#8217;expressar la probabilitat d&#8217;exced\u00e8ncia d&#8217;un determinat valor en un per\u00edode determinat \u00e9s el concepte de <i>per\u00edode de retorn<\/i> (Tr, en anys). El per\u00edode de retorn (o de recurr\u00e8ncia) expressa la durada mitjana entre esdeveniments d&#8217;una mateixa magnitud.<\/p><p>El per\u00edode de retorn correspon a l&#8217;invers de la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d&#8217;exced\u00e8ncia. L&#8217;equival\u00e8ncia entre aquestes dues formes d&#8217;expressar la probabilitat les podem veure amb els seg\u00fcents exemples:<\/p><ul><li>una probabilitat del 10% que es produeixi un terratr\u00e8mol de magnitud Mw igual o superior a 5 en 50 anys equival a un per\u00edode de retorn de 475 anys per aquest mateix terratr\u00e8mol.<\/li><li>una probabilitat del 2% que es produeixi un terratr\u00e8mol de magnitud Mw igual o superior a 5 en 50 anys equival a un per\u00edode de retorn de 2475 anys per aquest mateix terratr\u00e8mol.<\/li><\/ul><p>Un altre exemple que ajuda a imaginar el concepte de per\u00edode de retorn \u00e9s el seg\u00fcent:<\/p><ul><li>un terratr\u00e8mol amb un per\u00edode de retorn de 475 anys t\u00e9 una probabilitat de 1\/475 de produir-se en un any qualsevol.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00c9s essencial tenir en compte que, segons el concepte de per\u00edode de retorn, cada any hi ha la mateixa probabilitat que es produeixi un terratr\u00e8mol d&#8217;una determinada magnitud. Cal no caure en l&#8217;error d&#8217;interpretar el concepte de per\u00edode de retorn com si es tract\u00e9s de fen\u00f2mens que es repeteixen c\u00edclicament amb el mateix espaiat de temps entre esdeveniments. Es tracta d&#8217;un concepte probabil\u00edstic, on els espaiats entre esdeveniments s\u00f3n irregulars i independents entre ells que, si pogu\u00e9ssim observar una s\u00e8rie temporal molt llarga, de mitjana, ens donaria un espaiat amb el valor del per\u00edode de retorn. D&#8217;acord amb el model probabil\u00edstic del concepte de per\u00edode de retorn, tot i que la probabilitat \u00e9s molt baixa, \u00e9s possible que dos terratr\u00e8mols amb la mateixa magnitud i un per\u00edode de retorn estimat en X anys (amb X molt superior a 1 any) es produeixin fins i tot en un mateix any.<\/p><p>Els mapes de perillositat, tals com els de la figura seg\u00fcent, generalment es presenten en termes d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA). Aquesta \u00e9s la forma m\u00e9s \u00fatil i directament aplicable a la modelitzaci\u00f3 num\u00e8rica o anal\u00f2gica orientada al disseny d&#8217;estructures d&#8217;enginyeria o arquitectura i aporta les dades necess\u00e0ries per al c\u00e0lcul d&#8217;estructures, tal i com exigeix la normativa de construcci\u00f3 sismoresistent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85f694c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"85f694c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65b45b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"65b45b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1162\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T95.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5200\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T95.jpg 1162w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T95-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T95-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T95-768x500.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1162px) 100vw, 1162px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a21741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a21741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1162\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T2475.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5201\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T2475.jpg 1162w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T2475-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T2475-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T2475-768x500.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1162px) 100vw, 1162px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-babea9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"babea9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica expressats en valors d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA) per uns per\u00edodes de retorn de 95 anys (imatge superior) i de 2475 anys (imatge inferior).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">L&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 s\u00edsmica reflectida als mapes est\u00e0 expressada en relaci\u00f3 a l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 de la gravetat (g) i, per tant, per obtenir els valors num\u00e8rics d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 m\u00e0xima en m\/s<sup>2<\/sup>, cal multiplicar els valors indicats al mapa per 9.8 m\/s<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">El mateix document d&#8217;on s&#8217;ha extret aquesta figura proporciona mapes de perillositat per per\u00edodes de retorn de 475 anys i 975 anys. Noteu que com m\u00e9s gran \u00e9s el per\u00edode de retorn m\u00e9s elevada \u00e9s l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA) esperable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Font: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\"><i>IGN 2012. Actualizaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad de Espa\u00f1a 2012<\/i><\/a>, Figures 51 y 54. Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e23c5ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e23c5ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d771cbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d771cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Per\u00f2 els mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica tamb\u00e9 es poden expressar en valors d&#8217;Intensitat EMS. La Intensitat esperable per un determinat per\u00edode de retorn \u00e9s especialment \u00fatil per fer-nos una idea del possible grau de destrucci\u00f3 (d&#8217;acord amb les descripcions de l&#8217;escala) i en l&#8217;aplicaci\u00f3 de la normativa referent a Protecci\u00f3 Civil i plans d&#8217;emerg\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4048e53 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4048e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08f8625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"08f8625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1165\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_IntensitatEMS98_T475.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5202\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_IntensitatEMS98_T475.jpg 1165w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_IntensitatEMS98_T475-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_IntensitatEMS98_T475-1024x665.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_IntensitatEMS98_T475-768x499.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1165px) 100vw, 1165px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f4a0e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7f4a0e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1162\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T475jpg.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5203\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T475jpg.jpg 1162w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T475jpg-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T475jpg-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Perillositat_PGA_T475jpg-768x500.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1162px) 100vw, 1162px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e9360 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71e9360\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica expressats (a dalt) en valors d&#8217;intensitat i (a baix) en valors d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA, referits a l&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 de la gravetat) per un per\u00edode de retorn de 475 anys.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">El mapa d&#8217;intensitats (superior) est\u00e0 elaborat mitjan\u00e7ant correlacions entre intensitats i acceleraci\u00f3 m\u00e0xima del terreny (PGA) procedents d&#8217;estudis en d&#8217;altres \u00e0rees geogr\u00e0fiques i comprovaci\u00f3 del seu ajustament amb les dades d&#8217;accelerogrames disponibles a la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Malgrat que s\u00f3n dos mapes molt similars, noteu el major grau de detall en la definici\u00f3 de la perillositat del mapa que representa la PGA, degut al fet que cada grau d&#8217;intensitat es correlaciona amb un rang relativament ampli d&#8217;acceleracions m\u00e0ximes del terreny.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">Font: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/resources\/acercaDe\/libDigPub\/ActualizacionMapasPeligrosidadSismica2012.pdf\"><i>IGN 2012. Actualizaci\u00f3n de mapas de peligrosidad de Espa\u00f1a 2012<\/i><\/a>, Figures V.5. i 52. Acc\u00e9s 5 d&#8217;abril de 2026.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 49.55pt 8.0pt 1.0cm;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a61c222 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a61c222\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d82ec0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d82ec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Tot i aix\u00f2, cal tenir en compte que fer la conversi\u00f3 de la magnitud moment (Mw, la indicada al cat\u00e0leg s\u00edsmic) als valors d&#8217;Intensitat i d&#8217;acceleraci\u00f3 punta del terreny (PGA) esperables a dist\u00e0ncies creixents no \u00e9s directe ni senzill. La dificultat ve del fet que, a m\u00e9s de l&#8217;energia alliberada i de la dist\u00e0ncia al focus s\u00edsmic, els graus d&#8217;Intensitat EMS i les mesures de PGA depenen de par\u00e0metres m\u00e9s complexos i variables localment, tals com el tipus i qualitat de les construccions antr\u00f2piques de la zona afectada, la direccionalitat del moviment de la falla respecte al lloc de mesura, la profunditat del focus, o l&#8217;amplificaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;ona per efecte de lloc. De la mateixa manera, tot i que estan relacionades entre elles, la conversi\u00f3 d&#8217;Intensitat a PGA, o viceversa, tampoc pot ser directa ja que no resulten dels mateixos factors. Per exemple, la Intensitat pot estar fortament afectada per la durada de l&#8217;oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 s\u00edsmica, par\u00e0metre que no t\u00e9 perqu\u00e8 afectar la PGA.<\/p><p>Els valors actualitzats d&#8217;<i>acceleraci\u00f3 s\u00edsmica del terreny <\/i>(PGA) en roca dura tamb\u00e9 es troben disponibles, per cada municipi, en forma de taula o b\u00e9 de forma m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil i interactiva al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ign.es\/web\/ign\/portal\/sis-peligrosidad-sismica\">visor en l\u00ednia de valors del c\u00e0lcul de perillositat<\/a> de l&#8217;IGN.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mapes de perillositat s\u00edsmica: Com s&#8217;elaboren La perillositat s\u00edsmica intenta avaluar el nivell de moviment del terreny que poden produir els terratr\u00e8mols futurs. El c\u00e0lcul de la perillositat s\u00edsmica d&#8217;una regi\u00f3 determinada com la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica s&#8217;estableix a partir de les dades de sismicitat pr\u00e8viament enregistrada o percebuda (macrosismicitat) al territori. L&#8217;obtenci\u00f3 dels mapes de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5194","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5194\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}