{"id":5231,"date":"2025-10-13T16:10:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T16:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\/"},"modified":"2025-10-13T16:10:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T16:10:00","slug":"magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnitud i escales de magnitud"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5231\" class=\"elementor elementor-5231 elementor-2075\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c5c21e elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"7c5c21e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64f97e9\" data-id=\"64f97e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0547fc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0547fc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Magnitud i escales de magnitud<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a585ed4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a585ed4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-453d78a\" data-id=\"453d78a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ca7ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6ca7ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La magnitud \u00e9s un valor num\u00e8ric continu que quantifica la grand\u00e0ria o energia d&#8217;un sisme. Es tracta d&#8217;un par\u00e0metre que caracteritza l&#8217;energia alliberada per un terratr\u00e8mol al seu lloc d&#8217;origen. Per cada terratr\u00e8mol, a una determinada escala de mesura, tenim un \u00fanic valor de magnitud.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69e816d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"69e816d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2786c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa2786c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apartats pricipals d'aquesta p\u00e0gina:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee46da e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9ee46da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cce395 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cce395\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#Richter&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#Richter&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f4e778 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f4e778\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"no-glossary\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Magnitud de Richter i Magnitud local (ML)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#mb&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#mb&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb90387 premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb90387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Magnituds mb, Ms i escales derivades<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4bda6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d4bda6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#Escalademagnitud&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#Escalademagnitud&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa83c1b premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa83c1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"no-glossary\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Escala de magnitud de Moment s\u00edsmic (Mw)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#Selecci\\u00f3&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sismoiberica.org\\\/magnitud-i-escales-de-magnitud\\\/#Selecci\\u00f3&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-012493f premium-wrapper-link-yes elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"012493f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Selecci\u00f3 de material did\u00e0ctic<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6d7454 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6d7454\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-87be35a\" data-id=\"87be35a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9ca721 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9ca721\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLa primera escala de magnitud que es va utilitzar \u00e9s la de Richter, per\u00f2 actualment existeixen diverses escales de quantificaci\u00f3 de la magnitud per tal de poder caracteritzar millor cada terratr\u00e8mol depenent de les caracter\u00edstiques de la font, la dist\u00e0ncia al focus i el tipus de sism\u00f2graf disponible. Actualment s&#8217;utilitza priorit\u00e0riament l&#8217;escala de magnitud moment (Mw), m\u00e9s adequada a la mesura de grans terratr\u00e8mols i directament relacionada amb par\u00e0metres f\u00edsics relacionables amb la mec\u00e0nica del moviment de les falles.\n\nLes diferents escales existents comparteixen les seg\u00fcents caracter\u00edstiques:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e95c63 premium-type-column elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-icon-list\" data-id=\"2e95c63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;rbadges_repeater&quot;:[]}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"premium-bullet-list-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-02614ea\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"les magnituds s&#039;estudien a partir de l&#039;an\u00e0lisi de sismogrames. S&#039;hi identifiquen tipus d&#039;ones espec\u00edfiques, s&#039;hi mesuren caracter\u00edstiques de l&#039;ona, el temps d&#039;arribada, l&#039;orientaci\u00f3, l&#039;amplitud, la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia o la durada, i tamb\u00e9 es tenen en compte la dist\u00e0ncia del sism\u00f2metre al focus, les caracter\u00edstiques de l&#039;escor\u00e7a i del sism\u00f2graf;\"> les magnituds s'estudien a partir de l'an\u00e0lisi de sismogrames. S'hi identifiquen tipus d'ones espec\u00edfiques, s'hi mesuren caracter\u00edstiques de l'ona, el temps d'arribada, l'orientaci\u00f3, l'amplitud, la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia o la durada, i tamb\u00e9 es tenen en compte la dist\u00e0ncia del sism\u00f2metre al focus, les caracter\u00edstiques de l'escor\u00e7a i del sism\u00f2graf; <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-13b726b\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"les magnituds s&#039;expressen en nombres, amb un decimal, i sense unitats;\"> les magnituds s'expressen en nombres, amb un decimal, i sense unitats; <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-c046ec4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"les escales de magnitud s\u00f3n obertes (\u00e9s a dir, no tenen l\u00edmit superior). El terratr\u00e8mol mesurat amb el major alliberament d&#039;energia \u00e9s el Terratr\u00e8mol de Xile de 1960, amb una magnitud de 9,5.\"> les escales de magnitud s\u00f3n obertes (\u00e9s a dir, no tenen l\u00edmit superior). El terratr\u00e8mol mesurat amb el major alliberament d'energia \u00e9s el Terratr\u00e8mol de Xile de 1960, amb una magnitud de 9,5. <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-badb7ed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"s&#039;utilitza una progressi\u00f3 logar\u00edtmica entre graus successius de magnitud per tal de poder representar c\u00f2modament l&#039;ampl\u00edssim ventall d&#039;energies existent entre diferents terratr\u00e8mols. Entre cada magnitud i la seg\u00fcent, l&#039;energia alliberada pel terratr\u00e8mol augmenta 32 vegades.\"> s'utilitza una progressi\u00f3 logar\u00edtmica entre graus successius de magnitud per tal de poder representar c\u00f2modament l'ampl\u00edssim ventall d'energies existent entre diferents terratr\u00e8mols. Entre cada magnitud i la seg\u00fcent, l'energia alliberada pel terratr\u00e8mol augmenta 32 vegades. <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-91987dd\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"els valors entre les diferents escales s\u00f3n aproximadament coincidents al voltant de la magnitud 6, ja que s&#039;han intentat adaptar als valors intermedis de les diferents escales als de l&#039;escala de Richter.\"> els valors entre les diferents escales s\u00f3n aproximadament coincidents al voltant de la magnitud 6, ja que s'han intentat adaptar als valors intermedis de les diferents escales als de l'escala de Richter. <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d329727 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d329727\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a787ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a787ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1235\" height=\"738\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Magnitud_Energia.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1261\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Magnitud_Energia.jpeg 1235w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Magnitud_Energia-300x179.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Magnitud_Energia-1024x612.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Magnitud_Energia-768x459.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1235px) 100vw, 1235px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a0e558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a0e558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gr\u00e0fic que compara l&#8217;energia total alliberada per terratr\u00e8mols de magnituds diverses amb la que s&#8217;allibera per d&#8217;altres processos tals com impactes de meteorits, erupcions volc\u00e0niques, assajos nuclears i tornados, en unitats equivalents a tones de dinamita. Com es pot veure, el nombre de terratr\u00e8mols de magnituds baixes cada any a la Terra \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s gran que els de magnitud alta. Tot i aix\u00ed, un terratr\u00e8mol de magnitud 8 t\u00edpicament allibera m\u00e9s energia que la de tots els altres terratr\u00e8mols junts durant un any. En cada salt entre una magnitud i la magnitud immediatament superior, l&#8217;energia alliberada pel terratr\u00e8mol es multiplica 32 vegades. Per exemple: en un terratr\u00e8mol de magnitud 3 s&#8217;allibera 32 vegades m\u00e9s d&#8217;energia que en un de magnitud 2, i en un terratr\u00e8mol de magnitud 4 s&#8217;allibera aproximadament 1000 vegades m\u00e9s d&#8217;energia que en un de magnitud 2. La figura tamb\u00e9 mostra com es redueix la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de terratr\u00e8mols a mesura que n&#8217;augmenta la magnitud. La freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia amb qu\u00e8 es produeixen en un any d&#8217;una magnitud determinada La freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia mitjana amb qu\u00e8 es produeixen terratr\u00e8mols d&#8217;una magnitud determinada es redueix 10 vegades per cada grau d&#8217;augment en la magnitud. El terratr\u00e8mol de major magnitud mai registrat durant el per\u00edode instrumental correspon al de Xile de 1960. L&#8217;impacte meteor\u00edtic de Chicxulub correspon la causa principal de la gran extinci\u00f3 d&#8217;esp\u00e8cies (entre elles els dinosaures) del tr\u00e0nsit Mesozoic-Cenozoic, fa 66 Milions d&#8217;anys.<\/p><p>En color blau es representen alguns dels terratr\u00e8mols m\u00e9s rellevants a la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica. La majoria dels grans terratr\u00e8mols en aquesta zona es produeixen pr\u00e8viament a l&#8217;exist\u00e8ncia de sism\u00f2metres (voltant de l&#8217;any 1900) i, per tant, les seves magnituds s\u00f3n estimades.<\/p><p>Figura adaptada per Raimon Pall\u00e0s (RISKNAT) de Scott Johnson, <em>EarthScope Consortium<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/media\/images\/earthquake-and-energy-comparisons-updated-2025\">https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/media\/images\/earthquake-and-energy-comparisons-updated-2025<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0b7382 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0b7382\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65cac5a\" data-id=\"65cac5a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2defd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c2defd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"Richter\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Magnitud de Richter i Magnitud local (ML)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf345a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cf345a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL&#8217;escala de magnituds de Richter (tamb\u00e9 anomenada de Gutenberg-Richter) es va desenvolupar i aplicar per primer cop a la regi\u00f3 del Sud de California l&#8217;any 1935. Les equacions proposades per Richter permeten determinar la magnitud a partir de l&#8217;extracci\u00f3 de les seg\u00fcents dades:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0bf1e1 premium-type-column elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-icon-list\" data-id=\"d0bf1e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;rbadges_repeater&quot;:[]}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"premium-bullet-list-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-02614ea\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"l&#039;amplitud m\u00e0xima d&#039;oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 en sismogrames generats en un tipus concret de sism\u00f2graf anal\u00f2gic de torsi\u00f3 (sism\u00f2graf d&#039;Anderson-Wood),\"> l'amplitud m\u00e0xima d'oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 en sismogrames generats en un tipus concret de sism\u00f2graf anal\u00f2gic de torsi\u00f3 (sism\u00f2graf d'Anderson-Wood), <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-13b726b\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"la determinaci\u00f3 de la dist\u00e0ncia al focus a partir de la difer\u00e8ncia en els temps d&#039;arribada de les ones S i P.\"> la determinaci\u00f3 de la dist\u00e0ncia al focus a partir de la difer\u00e8ncia en els temps d'arribada de les ones S i P. <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6634eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6634eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La magnitud ML tamb\u00e9 es pot determinar gr\u00e0ficament utilitzant l&#8217;esquema de la Figura seg\u00fcent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ec109 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d6ec109\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebbd943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ebbd943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"493\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5257\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen2.png 493w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen2-300x267.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a008f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40a008f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gr\u00e0fic que permet determinar la magnitud de Richter (escala ML) a partir de la informaci\u00f3 continguda en un sismograma. En l&#8217;exemple 1, l&#8217;observaci\u00f3 del sismograma indica una difer\u00e8ncia de temps d&#8217;arribada d&#8217;ones P i S corresponent a una dist\u00e0ncia entre l&#8217;epicentre i el sism\u00f2metre de 20 km (escala en blau), i una amplitud m\u00e0xima del registre d&#8217;oscil\u00b7lacions de 2 mm (escala en morat). Una l\u00ednia recta entre els punts seleccionats de les dues escales intercepta l&#8217;escala central del gr\u00e0fic i permet determinar una magnitud ML de grau 2. L&#8217;exemple 2 correspon a una oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 enregistrada amb la mateixa amplitud de 2 mm de l&#8217;exemple anterior, per\u00f2 amb un decalatge molt major entre ones P i S, corresponent a un focus situat a una dist\u00e0ncia de 200 km del sism\u00f2graf. En aquest 2on cas, la recta interseca l&#8217;escala central a una magnitud molt m\u00e9s elevada (grau 4). Adaptat i modificat per Raimon Pall\u00e0s (RISKNAT), de: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iris.edu\/hq\/inclass\/animation\/magnitudes_moment_magnitude_explained\">https:\/\/www.iris.edu\/hq\/inclass\/animation\/magnitudes_moment_magnitude_explained<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42c4d54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42c4d54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El m\u00e8tode de determinaci\u00f3 de les magnituds de Richter ha estat utilitzat \u00e0mpliament en moltes altres regions, amb ajustaments dels par\u00e0metres de les equacions originals per tal de tenir en compte les caracter\u00edstiques geol\u00f2giques regionals i les dels nous sism\u00f2metres. Aquestes escales adaptades a les condicions locals per\u00f2 basades en l&#8217;aproximaci\u00f3 inicial de Richter s&#8217;anomenen escales de Magnitud Local (ML)<\/p><p>Per\u00f2 l&#8217;escala de Richter o les de Magnitud Local (ML) es centren \u00fanicament en el temps d&#8217;arribada d&#8217;oscil\u00b7lacions d&#8217;elevada freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia. Aix\u00f2 fa que aquestes escales subestimin l&#8217;energia propagada per les ones de baixa freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia i llarg per\u00edode que s\u00f3n les predominants en grans terratr\u00e8mols i a grans dist\u00e0ncies del focus. Per tant, aquestes escales no serveixen per caracteritzar terratr\u00e8mols de magnituds superiors a 7, terratr\u00e8mols profunds, ni terratr\u00e8mols produ\u00efts a dist\u00e0ncies majors de 600 km.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dd822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dd822\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e46e20\" data-id=\"4e46e20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd859c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd859c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"mb\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Magnituds mb, Ms i escales derivades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7c87a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd7c87a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPer intentar suplir les limitacions de l&#8217;escala de Richter o de Magnitud Local (ML), es van anar desenvolupant noves escales de magnitud centrades en diversos trets dels sismogrames. L&#8217;aparici\u00f3 de sism\u00f2grafs m\u00e9s sofisticats i m\u00e9s sensibles a d&#8217;altres parts de l&#8217;ampli espectre de freq\u00fc\u00e8ncies produ\u00efdes durant els terratr\u00e8mols ha perm\u00e8s treure&#8217;n m\u00e9s informaci\u00f3. Sense entrar en detalls, algunes d&#8217;aquestes escales s\u00f3n:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-730934b premium-type-column elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-icon-list\" data-id=\"730934b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;rbadges_repeater&quot;:[]}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"premium-bullet-list-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-02614ea\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"Escala de magnitud mb (i derivades): utilitzen les ones de volum (body waves P i S) al llarg d&#039;un determinat per\u00edode de temps, amb les quals s&#039;aconsegueix arribar a caracteritzar magnituds entre 5,5 i 8; Algunes d&#039;aquestes escales han estat utilitzades en la discriminaci\u00f3 entre terratr\u00e8mols generats per falles i els generats per explosions nuclears subterr\u00e0nies.\"> Escala de magnitud mb (i derivades): utilitzen les ones de volum (body waves P i S) al llarg d'un determinat per\u00edode de temps, amb les quals s'aconsegueix arribar a caracteritzar magnituds entre 5,5 i 8; Algunes d'aquestes escales han estat utilitzades en la discriminaci\u00f3 entre terratr\u00e8mols generats per falles i els generats per explosions nuclears subterr\u00e0nies. <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"premium-bullet-list-content elementor-repeater-item-13b726b\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-drawable-icon\"><i class=\"premium-svg-nodraw fas fa-dot-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-bullet-list-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-bullet-text\" data-text=\"Escala de magnitud Ms (i derivades): utilitzen ones superficials per caracteritzar millor sismes poc profunds a dist\u00e0ncies m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 dels l\u00edmits de l&#039;escala ML. \"> Escala de magnitud Ms (i derivades): utilitzen ones superficials per caracteritzar millor sismes poc profunds a dist\u00e0ncies m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 dels l\u00edmits de l'escala ML.  <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f0057d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f0057d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-03c11d5\" data-id=\"03c11d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e57390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e57390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"Escalademagnitud\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Escala de magnitud de Moment s\u00edsmic (Mw)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fca014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fca014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL&#8217;escala de magnitud de Moment s\u00edsmic (Mw o M<sub>w<\/sub>) va ser proposada per Hanks i Kanamori l&#8217;any 1979 i \u00e9s considerada actualment la mesura m\u00e9s objectiva de l&#8217;energia alliberada per un terratr\u00e8mol. Aquesta escala es basa en el moment s\u00edsmic (M<sub>0<\/sub>) dels terratr\u00e8mols, que \u00e9s una mesura f\u00edsica (expressada en Newtons\u00b7metre) corresponent al treball necessari per produir el lliscament sobtat d&#8217;una porci\u00f3 d&#8217;una falla.\n\nLa f\u00f3rmula per al c\u00e0lcul de la magnitud de moment s\u00edsmic (Mw) \u00e9s:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d251961 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d251961\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"496\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Formula_Magnitud_moment_sismic.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2728\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Formula_Magnitud_moment_sismic.jpeg 496w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Formula_Magnitud_moment_sismic-300x40.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12e90d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12e90d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>on M<sub>0<\/sub> \u00e9s el moment s\u00edsmic, <em>\u00b5<\/em> \u00e9s el m\u00f2dul de deformaci\u00f3 de les roques deformades per la falla, <em>A<\/em> \u00e9s l&#8217;\u00e0rea de la porci\u00f3 del pla de falla on hi ha hagut despla\u00e7ament, <em>u<\/em> el despla\u00e7ament mitj\u00e0 de A. Les unitats <em>N<\/em> i <em>m<\/em> s\u00f3n Newtons i metre, respectivament.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0f5ff2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0f5ff2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531263a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"531263a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"313\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5259\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen3.png 576w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen3-300x163.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f60c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f60c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bloc diagrama d&#8217;una falla vertical direccional senestra que en el darrer terratr\u00e8mol ha trencat fins a la superf\u00edcie del terreny, de manera que ha despla\u00e7at lateralment un curs fluvial (en blau). Que es produeixi trencament en superf\u00edcie implica un terratr\u00e8mol de magnitud 6 o superior. Les fletxes horitzontals indiquen els vectors despla\u00e7ament del bloc a primer terme, respecte al bloc a segon terme. De tot el pla de falla nom\u00e9s ha trencat l&#8217;\u00e0rea de ruptura (<em>A<\/em>). El moment s\u00edsmic (<em>M<sub>0<\/sub><\/em>), necessari per al c\u00e0lcul de la Magnitud de moment (Mw) es calcula multiplicant el despla\u00e7ament mitj\u00e0 (<em>u<\/em>), l&#8217;\u00e0rea de ruptura (<em>A<\/em>) i el m\u00f2dul de deformaci\u00f3 de les roques (<em>\u00b5<\/em>). En el cas de terratr\u00e8mols del per\u00edode instrumental, els par\u00e0metres <em>u<\/em> i <em>A<\/em> es poden aproximar a partir de la modelitzaci\u00f3 matem\u00e0tica de la informaci\u00f3 continguda en sismogrames. L&#8217;observaci\u00f3 d&#8217;elements superficials despla\u00e7ats i la longitud de la tra\u00e7a superficial de ruptura poden ajudar a acotar aquests par\u00e0metres. Autor: Raimon Pall\u00e0s (RISKNAT).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c43ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7c43ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El moment s\u00edsmic \u00e9s una mesura de la quantitat total d&#8217;energia que es transforma durant el terratr\u00e8mol. Cal tenir en compte que aquesta energia s&#8217;inverteix en la generaci\u00f3 d&#8217;ones s\u00edsmiques, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 en la generaci\u00f3 de calor i en la deformaci\u00f3 de les roques, en unes proporcions relatives que poden ser for\u00e7a variables segons cada sisme.<\/p><p>\u00c9s habitual que magnituds calculades mitjan\u00e7ant l&#8217;escala de moment s\u00edsmic (Mw) apareguin als mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 com a \u00abgraus en l&#8217;escala de Richter\u00bb. Malgrat que aquesta pr\u00e0ctica \u00e9s incorrecta, normalment no indueix a errors d&#8217;interpretaci\u00f3 rellevants degut a la pr\u00e0ctica correspond\u00e8ncia entre les magnituds d&#8217;una i altra escala. Per tant, a nivell period\u00edstic o en l&#8217;\u00fas com\u00fa \u00e9s recomanable utilitzar el terme \u00abmagnitud\u00bb sense especificar l&#8217;escala que s&#8217;ha utilitzat per a fer-ne el c\u00e0lcul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-95e41c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95e41c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9ca9f8\" data-id=\"f9ca9f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be2031a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be2031a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"Selecci\u00f3\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Selecci\u00f3 de material did\u00e0ctic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a33af55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a33af55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8f6a74\" data-id=\"a8f6a74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff1461b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff1461b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4237dc5\" data-id=\"4237dc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-339ff11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"339ff11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=64Wzr2nFkUU\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"356\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen1-3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5232\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen1-3.png 356w, https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Imagen1-3-300x251.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd3c317\" data-id=\"cd3c317\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc178e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc178e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=64Wzr2nFkUU\" target=\"_blank\"><br>Magnitud dels terratr\u00e8mols: Entendre les magnituds fent servir pasta seca<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fa0b65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fa0b65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em><strong>Durada:<\/strong> 2&#8217;41\u00bb<\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>Nivell d&#8217;ensenyament:<\/strong> ESO \/ Batxillerat<\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>Llengua: <\/strong><\/em><em>Angl\u00e8s<\/em><\/p><p><em><b>T\u00edtol original: <\/b>Earthquake Magnitude: Using pasta to understand magnitudes<\/em><\/p><p><em><b>Autor: <\/b>Robert Butler, University of Portland, Oregon<\/em><\/p><p><em><b>Filmat i editat per: <\/b>Jenda Johnson, Earth Sciences Animated<\/em><\/p><p><em><b>Publicat per: <\/b>Iris Earthquake Science<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-863edec\" data-id=\"863edec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3823674 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3823674\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>El v\u00eddeo utilitza pasta seca d&#8217;espageti per a il\u00b7lustrar la difer\u00e8ncia en l&#8217;energia alliberada per terratr\u00e8mols de magnituds successives. S&#8217;hi mostra de forma molt gr\u00e0fica i tangible com les enormes difer\u00e8ncies en l&#8217;energia alliberada pels diferents terratr\u00e8mols s&#8217;expressen millor mitjan\u00e7ant una escala logar\u00edtmica de magnituds. Aquest tipus d&#8217;experiment podria inspirar tamb\u00e9 una activitat a la mat\u00e8ria de matem\u00e0tiques dedicada a la comprensi\u00f3 del concepte de logaritme i alguna de les seves aplicacions, com l&#8217;escala de magnitud de Richter o Mw.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Magnitud i escales de magnitud La magnitud \u00e9s un valor num\u00e8ric continu que quantifica la grand\u00e0ria o energia d&#8217;un sisme. Es tracta d&#8217;un par\u00e0metre que caracteritza l&#8217;energia alliberada per un terratr\u00e8mol al seu lloc d&#8217;origen. Per cada terratr\u00e8mol, a una determinada escala de mesura, tenim un \u00fanic valor de magnitud. Apartats pricipals d&#8217;aquesta p\u00e0gina: Magnitud [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5231","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5231\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sismoiberica.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}